Sunday, September 16, 2012

Respiratory Disease


patient's  management
1.       A 56-year-old businessman is planning a trip to east Asia for a period of 3 weeks. He is in generally good health except for chronic bronchitis. His medicines control his illness fairly well, but he asks if he should carry antibiotics with him in case he should develop an exacerbation. He agrees not to take anything with him, but on his return from the trip he calls from the airport sounding very short of breath and coughing. On examination that day, he has a fever of 38.3 °C and loud rhonchi and some wheezes. A chest radiograph shows some patchy lesions that look worse than on his baseline radiograph. His capillary oxygen saturation is the same as his baseline level.
                In addition to treatment for his airway disease, which of the following is the next step in this patient's management?
    1. Anticoagulation for pulmonary embolus
    2. Oral amoxicillin-clavulanate
    3. Oral azithromycin
    4. Oral gatifloxacin
    5. Intravenous ceftazidime
Did you get a point , if not….?????????
Problems of resistance among respiratory bacteria are worldwide. Although there might be concern about pulmonary embolus in a person who has recently made a long airplane flight, the clinical picture in this patient is much more compatible with that of pneumonia. Adjunctive treatments for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or bronchitis are good therapy, but at this stage, it might be necessary to include antibiotics in the mix. Clavulanate adds nothing to the coverage for S. pneumoniae, although it might make a difference for Haemophilus influenzae. Problems with the macrolides are especially severe in east Asia. The majority of strains of S. pneumoniae are resistant to all the currently available macrolides; fluoroquinolones, however, still seem to be effective. Intravenous antibiotics do not seem to be necessary for this patient, but even if they were to be used, it would make sense to prescribe a drug with more potency for S. pneumoniae. Either a fluoroquinolone or a better beta-lactam would be suitable.

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